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Dios vs. Prozac

Dios vs. Prozac

Dios vs. Prozac

Científicos prominentes muestran la eficacia de la confianza en Dios para tratar la ansiedad.

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Después de una de sus sesiones semanales de Torá, David consultó con el rabino Nissan Applebaum sobre su pérdida de sueño. “Rabino, ¿puede ser una buena idea hablar con un profesional de salud mental, como un psicólogo o un psiquiatra, sobre mi ansiedad?”.

Sin contestar, el rabino se levantó de su asiento y salió corriendo de su cuarto. Confundido e intrigado, David lo siguió. “Vi”, recuerda David, “que fotocopiaba páginas de un libro, preparó para mí un sobre con papeles que cambiarían mi vida”.

Cuando terminó, el rabino puso una copia de un documento de 61 páginas en las manos de David. La primera página decía: “La Puerta de la Confianza en Dios”. Las páginas eran un extracto del libro Los Deberes del Corazón, escrito por el rabino Bejaie Ibn Pekude en el siglo 11 en España. “No sé si deberías hablar con un especialista de salud mental sobre tu ansiedad”, le dijo el rabino, “pero sé que leer estas páginas te ayudará. Estúdialas entre 10 y 15 minutos por noche antes de ir a dormir y piensa profundamente en lo que está escrito ahí”.

David siguió la “prescripción” del rabino. Como recuerda:

Para mi sorpresa, en 8 semanas no sólo era capaz de dormirme sin dificultad, sino que mi ansiedad había desaparecido casi por completo. Incluso más notable fue que la mejora de mi estado psicológico ocurrió a pesar del hecho de que ninguno de los factores que causaban ansiedad en mi vida había mejorado. De hecho, en este último tiempo, me enfrenté a una agenda de difíciles exámenes, dificultades sociales mayores a las de antes y ¡sigo completamente inseguro sobre mi futuro! Lo que había cambiado era mi actitud hacia mis dificultades y hacia la vida en general. Había incrementado mi nivel de confianza en Dios y ganado la perspicacia espiritual necesaria para navegar por el mundo de la ansiedad. Del mismo modo en que un paciente se coloca con esperanza en las manos de un médico altamente capaz y competente, me había dado cuenta de que los eventos de mi vida eran controlados por las altamente calificadas manos de Dios, y que al final del día, tenía poco por lo que preocuparme.

Esta antigua pieza de sabiduría judía elucidó un método secreto para la eliminación de la ansiedad humana basado en la madurez espiritual.

Después de la graduación, David comenzó un segundo título de psicología. Cuando tuvo que preparar su tesis final, recordó su propia experiencia de lucha contra la ansiedad. Comenzó releyendo “La Puerta de la Confianza en Dios”, esta vez analizando el texto desde una perspectiva psicológica. “Después de leer menos de tres páginas” recordó David, “me di cuenta de que el texto podía ser entendido como una completa teoría psicológica sobre la etiología de la ansiedad humana. Esta antigua pieza de sabiduría judía elucidó un método secreto para la eliminación de la ansiedad humana basado en la madurez espiritual. Les presenté el material a mis supervisores académicos y quedaron igualmente impresionados por las ideas del rabino Bejaie”.

¿Las Creencias Religiosas Ayudan a Manejar el Estrés?

En realidad, David había tropezado con el creciente campo de la psicología de la religión, que en las últimas dos décadas publicó casi 1.800 estudios psicológicos, analizando interrogantes como:

  • ¿Pueden las creencias/prácticas religiosas ser una fuente de ayuda en tiempos de estrés?
  • ¿La asistencia semanal a los rezos religiosos está relacionada con los niveles de ansiedad y depresión?
  • ¿Tienen los individuos religiosos mejores o peores resultados en un tratamiento psicológico que los individuos no religiosos?
  • ¿Pueden la espiritualidad y la religiosidad ser integradas a la práctica clínica para el tratamiento de problemas psicológicos?

Un ejemplo de este tipo de estudio fue reportado en el National Post de Canadá el 4 de marzo de 2009. El estudio, conducido por Michael Inzlicht, un profesor de psicología de la Universidad de Toronto, había sido publicado en el periódicoPsycological Science. Los investigadores midieron la actividad en la parte del cerebro – la circunvolución del cíngulo – que registra el estrés. Se les pidió a personas que hicieran un ejercicio estresante, llamado el “Efecto Stroop”.

El profesor Inzlicht dijo que al principio sólo estaban tratando de entender qué factores activaban esas ondas cerebrales, no investigar creencias religiosas. En el comienzo le pidió a personas que se describieran como liberales o conservadores. Luego le pidió a otros que describieran su nivel de autoestima. Ninguno de esos parámetros se asoció con la activación de “ondas cerebrales de estrés”; fue recién cuando los investigadores preguntaron sobre la creencia en Dios y la religiosidad que se desarrolló un patrón. Quienes tenían una creencia religiosa más profunda fueron más propensos a dejar que los errores pasaran de largo, mientras que quienes tendían al ateísmo fueron más propensos a sufrir estrés y ansiedad después de cometer un error. El profesor Inzlicht reportó que los creyentes en el estudio mostraron baja ansiedad y las personas no religiosas alta ansiedad.

El profesor Inzlicht llamó al estudio “estadísticamente significativo” y dijo que los resultados podían actuar como pronosticador de cómo la gente podría reaccionar ante las situaciones estresantes del mundo real, como el actual desmoronamiento de los mercados de valores.

La Verdad Científica sobre la Religión y la Psicología

Freud insistió en que la religión estaba inversamente relacionada con la positiva salud psicológica. El respetado psicólogo Albert Ellis, considerado por sus pares como el segundo psicoterapeuta más influyente de la historia, en la década del 80 declaró que las personas que tienen convicciones religiosas fuertes son menos tolerantes a la incertidumbre, menos flexibles, sufren más de ansiedad y son más propensos a la neurosis.

En la década del 90, el psicólogo Kenneth Pargament se enfrentó a estos gigantes y sugirió probar sus afirmaciones científicamente, realizando experimentos sicológicos modernos sin intereses religiosos ni anti-religiosos. El doctor Pargament elaboró una ciencia empírica de la sicología de la religión y ha publicado dos libros y más de 150 artículos científicos. Ha recibido numerosos premios de la Asociación Norteamericana de Sicología y de la Asociación Norteamericana de Siquiatría. En general, sus estudios han mostrado que la espiritualidad es un recurso importante para la gente en los tiempos de estrés y que la conexión con Dios puede ayudar con los síntomas del estrés, preocupación y depresión. Después de revisar la investigación del Dr. Pargament, el doctor Ellis retractó públicamente sus declaraciones y admitió a regañadientes que, desde un punto de vista psicológico, la religión “no es algo necesariamente malo”.

“El niño promedio de hoy de entre 11 y 13 años es tan ansioso como lo era el paciente psiquiátrico promedio en 1950”.

En verdad, así como ha aumentado la secularización de la sociedad lo han hecho los niveles de ansiedad y depresión. Como Robert Leahy, profesor clínico de psiquiatría en la Universidad de Cornell, señaló recientemente en una entrevista con Dennis Prager: “Estamos viviendo una importante tendencia histórica en el aumento de la ansiedad… El chico promedio de hoy de entre 11 y los 13 años es tan ansioso como lo era el paciente psiquiátrico promedio de 1950”. El doctor Leahy también notó: “Hay investigaciones que muestran que la gente que tiene un sistema de creencias y una comunidad que la apoya tiene una vida mejor y más feliz”.

Durante los últimos cinco años David Rosmarin ha trabajado en un programa de doctorado con el doctor Pargament, y recientemente recibió una designación en la Escuela Médica de Harvard como Socio Médico en el Departamento de Psiquiatría. Rosmarin ha publicado numerosos estudios en periódicos académicos y disertó en muchas conferencias nacionales sobre la relación entre la religión/espiritualidad y la ansiedad, el estrés y la depresión (Veahttp://www.jpsych.com). Aunque muchos de esos estudios han sido hechos entre cristianos, Rosmarin ha liderado los estudios en la comunidad judía. Consistentemente, su investigación ha encontrado que tanto la confianza en Dios como las prácticas religiosas (como el rezo, el estudio y la asistencia a ceremonias) está asociada con menores niveles de angustias sicológicas.

Prescripciones que Aumentan Exponencialmente

La tasa de prescripciones de todos los medicamentos sicotrópicos (alteradores de humor) para los adultos no internados se ha incrementado constantemente en los Estados Unidos en los últimos 20 años. De hecho, su uso se duplicó en menos de una década, entre 1994 y 2002. El uso de medicamentos sicotrópicos múltiples se triplicó casi en el mismo breve período.

Esos medicamentos anti-ansiedad y antidepresivos tienen efectos secundarios como disfunción sexual, náuseas e – irónicamente – nerviosismo e insomnio. Otros medicamentos comunes para los desórdenes de humor/ansiedad tales como los antidepresivos tri-cíclicos y los inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa pueden tener efectos secundarios mucho más serios como coma o muerte.

La medicación es a menudo necesaria para ayudar a personas que sufren de un desbalance químico, y nadie debería sentirse culpable de estar tomándola, ni verlo como una crítica a su nivel de fe. La gente diagnosticada con depresión clínica no debería usar este artículo como una excusa para dejar sus medicamentos. Sin embargo, David Rosmarin se preguntó si su propia experiencia con su creciente fe en Dios puede ayudar a las personas que sufren de altos niveles de ansiedad.

En conjunto con los rabinos Leib Kelemen y Nóaj Orlowek, y con el doctor Pargament, David Rosmarin desarrolló un programa para el tratamiento del estrés y la preocupación en la comunidad judía. El programa es una intervención basada en la espiritualidad, basada en el texto “La Puerta de la Confianza en Dios” que lo ayudó mucho cuando era un nervioso estudiante universitario, como también en otros textos clásicos judíos. El programa se realiza por internet, por lo que puede ser completado anónimamente por cualquiera, en cualquier lugar y en cualquier momento. No requiere terapista, sólo el compromiso de media hora cada día durante dos semanas.

Para su disertación, David Rosmarin creó un sitio gratuito de internet que testeó la eficacia del programa en contra de una famosa y utilizada técnica llamada Relajación Progresiva de los Músculos (para más información veawww.jpsych.com). Muchas personas participaron en el estudio, y muchos de los individuos que reciben el tratamiento basado en la espiritualidad han atestiguado el beneficio que recibieron de él. Yo hice el primer segmento de media hora, y mi experiencia personal es que cambia la vida.

Si estás interesado en participar en su estudio actual, por favor visita su sitio web.

La Creencia en Dios y en el Éxodo

La “confianza en Dios” fomentada por el programa tiene tres componentes clave:

  1. La creencia en que Dios es omnisciente (y por consiguiente sabe lo que necesitas);
  2. La creencia en que Dios es todopoderoso (y por consiguiente puede cambiar la realidad física);
  3. La creencia en que Dios te ama (y por consiguiente actúa en tu beneficio).

Como señala el Sr. Rosmarin, es lógico que una persona que cree en un Dios omnisciente, omnipotente y que nos ama no será consumida por la preocupación o la depresión.

¿O sí? ¿No es posible creer en un Dios omnisciente, omnipotente y que nos ama, que creó el mundo, pero no le importa si perdí todo mi fondo de pensión en la crisis económica? ¿No es posible creer que Dios ama al mundo pero no va a intervenir en mis problemas de desempleo?

Aquí es donde entra en juego el Éxodo. Como cualquier observador advertirá, el judaísmo está obsesionado con el Éxodo. Mientras que la salvación del plan de genocidio de Hamán es mencionada una sola vez al año, en Purim, y la salvación de los greco-sirios es mencionada una sola vez al año, en Januca, la redención de Egipto no sólo es mencionada en Pesaj, sino también cada Shabat en el Kidush y cada día en los rezos matutinos. De hecho, es una mitzvá recordar el Éxodo todos los días. ¿Por qué?

La creencia judía en Dios tiene dos partes esenciales:

  1. Dios creó el mundo;
  2. Dios interviene en la historia humana.

Dios no sólo interviene en los eventos globales épicos, sino también en las circunstancias diarias de tu vida.

Tal como el primer principio implica que Dios no sólo creó el Himalaya, sino también las uñas de tus dedos, el segundo principio implica que Dios no sólo interviene en eventos globales épicos, sino también en las circunstancias diarias de tu vida. Para el judaísmo, el Éxodo es una palabra clave para un concepto mucho más profundo: Dios supervisa el mundo, la Providencia Divina vigila e interviene, Dios es un Dios activo que se preocupa.

Desde el lado humano, el Éxodo es un testimonio de la confianza del pueblo judío en que Dios los salvaría. Entre Egipto y la Tierra Prometida lo único que había era un inmenso desierto, sin agua ni comida suficiente para sustentar una multitud. Salir de la esclavitud en Egipto fue como escapar Alcatraz saltando hacia un océano lleno de tiburones. Como Dios le diría a Israel por medio de Su profeta siglos después: “Recuerdo el amor de tu juventud, cómo me seguiste en el desierto, hacia una tierra virgen”. Así, en Pesaj no sólo recordamos que Dios intervino para salvarnos, sino que recordamos también cómo nosotros confiamos en que después de los grandes milagros del Éxodo, Dios nos iba a seguir manteniendo día a día.

Pesaj es, con certeza, la festividad de la fe en Dios. La matzá representa tanto “el pan de la aflicción” como “el pan de la libertad”; el Seder está lleno de símbolos tanto de sufrimiento como de redención. El mensaje que debemos absorber es que el sufrimiento y la redención están inseparablemente entrelazados, que Dios nos envía sufrimiento para que tengamos la capacidad espiritual suficiente para recibir la redención. En la noche del Seder nos elevamos hasta un nivel de fe en el que cada uno de nosotros afirma: “Conocesnuestro sufrimiento, puedes redimirnos, y confío en eso porque Nos amas, Harás lo que sea para nuestro máximo bien”.

Como declara David Rosmarin: “Con los mercados financieros en crisis y las crecientes preocupaciones por la seguridad en todo el mundo, el estrés y la angustia han llegado muy lejos – particularmente en la comunidad judía. La fe creciente en Dios puede ayudar a disminuir la aflicción considerablemente”.

Segun tomado de, http://www.aishlatino.com/e/cp/Dios-Vs-Prozac.html#at_pco=tst-1.0&at_si=5467d7849caf1bcf&at_ab=per-2&at_pos=1&at_tot=2 el sábado, 15 de nov. de 2014

 

NOTA: El Dr. David Rosmarin fue el disertador principal en el Simposio de Educación Cristiana celebrado en el 2012 en la Universidad Interamericana de PR-Recinto de Ponce.

 
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Posted by on November 15, 2014 in Uncategorized

 

Why rebuilding the Temple would be the end of Judaism as we know it

Why rebuilding the Temple would be the end of Judaism as we know it
The current drive of Jews, both Orthodox and secular, to ascend to the site of the Holy Temple and rebuild it, reflects a sea change in the Zionist camp.
By Tomer Persico | Nov. 13, 2014 | 9:14 PM

Temple Mount

The Temple Mount. Photo by AFP
Photo: Zoltan Kluger / GPO
A warning from Rabbi Abraham Isaac Hacohen Kook forbidding Jews to visit the Temple Mount.

A warning from Rabbi Abraham Isaac Hacohen Kook forbidding Jews to visit the Temple Mount.

AP, IDF
Moshe Dayan. By virtue of hisprestige as former chiefs of staff, he determines the prevalent worldview in broad sectors of the population. Photo by AP, IDF

There is one overriding question that accompanies the Zionist project, wrote Gershom Scholem, the scholar of Jewish mysticism – “Whether or not Jewish history will be able to endure this entry into the concrete realm without perishing in the crisis of the messianic claim, which has virtually been conjured up.” The entry into history to which Scholem refers is the establishment of the state and the ingathering of the exiles, borne, as they were – notwithstanding their secular fomenters and activists – on the wings of the ancient Jewish messianic myth of the return to Zion. However, when Scholem published the essay “Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea in Judaism,” in 1971, the adjunct to the question was the dramatic freight of Israel’s great victory in the Six-Day War, four years earlier.

It was a period of euphoria, as sweeping as it was blinding. Yeshayahu Leibowitz, the religiously observant public intellectual, immediately warned the country’s leaders against the dangers of ruling by force a population of more than a million Palestinians. Scholem, though, was more concerned about the danger of a physical return to the Temple site. While Leibowitz lamented the mass Sabbath desecration caused by buses filled with Israelis coming to view the wonders of the Old City (and buy cheap from its Arab vendors) – Scholem was far more concerned by the sudden intrusion of Mount Moriah into the Israeli political arena. Possibly, as a scholar of kabbala, he had a better grasp than Leibowitz of messianic eros and of Zionism’s susceptibility to its allure.

From its inception, the Zionist movement spoke in two voices – one pragmatic, seeking a haven for millions of persecuted Jews; the other prophetic, attributing redemptive significance to the establishment of a sovereign state. Whereas the shapers of Western culture, from Kant to Marx, perceived individual liberation in an egalitarian regime as the proper secularization of religious salvation, for the Jewish collectivity, this turned out to be a false hope.

Against the background of surging anti-Semitism, at the end of the 19th century, many Jews discarded the message of emancipation in favor of an effort to create a national home for the Jewish people. This solution, however, bore messianic implications, for it is precisely the founding of an independent Jewish kingdom that is the salient sign of Jewish redemption. The Christians received their deliverance, and the Jews – including those who would rather leave their religion in the museum of history – will receive theirs.

Well aware of the messianic implications of their efforts, the shapers of the Zionist movement tried to neutralize them from the outset. In his Hebrew-language book “Zion in Zionism,” the historian Motti Golani reveals the ambivalent attitude toward Jerusalem harbored by Zionist leaders. Theodor Herzl himself, the founder of modern political Zionism, was not convinced that the establishment of a Jewish political entity in Palestine would best be served by Jerusalem’s designation as its capital; and even if it did, he wanted the Holy Basin to function as an international center of religion and science.

Israel’s first prime minister, David Ben-Gurion, went even further. He maintained that if the holy places were under Israeli sovereignty, Zionism would not be able to design its capital according to its progressive worldview. He espoused the partition of Jerusalem in order to preclude Israeli sovereignty over the Temple Mount. When such Zionist leaders such as Menachem Ussishkin and Berl Katznelson assertively took the opposite stance, Ben-Gurion retorted, “To our misfortune, patriotic rhetoric surged in Jerusalem – barren, hollow, foolish rhetoric about a productive national project.”

Years later, in the Six-Day War, Defense Minister Moshe Dayan hesitated at length before ordering the capture of the Temple Mount. “What do I need all this Vatican for?” he said, expressing the classic Zionist approach to the subject.

From the start, though, there were voices that demanded not only sovereignty over all of Jerusalem, but also the completion of the redemptive process by force of arms. Before Israel’s establishment, such calls emanated from the fascistwing of the Zionist movement (fascism wasn’t yet a curse word but a legitimate ideology). In the 1930s, figures like the journalist Abba Ahimeir and the poet Uri Zvi Grinberg, the founders of Brit Habiryonim (Union of Zionist Rebels), toiled not only to bring Jews into the country and to acquire arms for an armed struggle against the British. They also staged demonstrations in which the shofar was blown at the Western Wall at the end of every Yom Kippur (just as it is in the synagogue), a custom that was later continued by the Irgun underground militia led by Menachem Begin.

Grinberg, a poet who was considered a prophet, wrote mythic works that sought to fashion an organic conception of a nation that had been resurrected around its beating-bleeding heart, namely, the Temple Mount void of the Temple. Grinberg tried “to renew our people’s ancient myth,” the literary scholar Baruch Kurzweil would write years later. Kurzweil understood well that despite the superficial secularization to which the Zionist movement had subjected the Jewish tradition, the imprint of the ancient beliefs continued to reside within it, like a dormant seed awaiting water. Grinberg’s poetry was like dew that brought those seeds to life in those who were ready for the transformation. The revival of the myth in Grinberg’s poetry, Kurzweil observed, “does not bear only an aesthetic or religious-moral role. The actualization of the myth bears salient political significance.”

That political import was given explicit expression in “The Principles of Rebirth,” which Avraham “Yair” Stern wrote as a constitution for the Lehi, the pre-state underground organization he headed. The full document, published in 1941, set forth 18 points that in Stern’s view would be essential for the Jewish people’s national revival – from unity, through mission, to conquest. The 18th and final principle calls for “building the Third Temple as a symbol of the era of full redemption.” The Temple here constitutes a conclusion and finalization of the process of building the nation on its soil, in pointed contrast to the path of Herzl and Ben-Gurion.

Topsy-turvy Zionism

A point very much worth noting is that these modern proponents of a rebuilt Temple were not themselves religiously observant, at least not in Orthodox terms. They aspired not to a religious revival but to a national one, and the mythic sources fueled their passion for political independence. For them, the Temple was an axis and a focal point around which “the people” must unite.

In a certain sense, they simply took secular Zionism to its logical conclusion – and in so doing, turned it topsy-turvy. As noted above, Jewish redemption, including its traditional form, is based largely on a national home and on sovereignty. According to the tradition, one measure of this sovereignty is the establishment of a Temple and a monarchical government descended from the House of David. Zionism wanted to make do with political independence, but the stopping point on the route that leads ultimately to a monarch and a temple is largely arbitrary, based as it is on pragmatic logic and liberal-humanist values. For those who don’t believe in realpolitik and are not humanists, the push toward end times is perfectly logical.

Mainstream Zionism, in other words, wished to make use of the myth as far as the boundary line of its decision: yes, to ascend to the Holy Land, and yes, to declare political independence, but no to searching for Messiah Ben David and no to renewing animal sacrifices. Ahimeir, Grinberg, Stern – and Israel Eldad after them – were not content with this. They believed that the whole vision must be realized. Less religious than mythic Jews, they wanted to push reality to its far end, to reach the horizon and with their own hands bring into being the master plan for complete redemption. And redemption is the point at which hyper-Zionism becomes post-Zionism.

As Baruch Falach shows in his doctoral thesis (written in 2010 at Bar-Ilan University), one ideological-messianic line connects Ahimeir, Grinberg, Stern and Eldad to Shabtai Ben-Dov and the Jewish underground organization of the early 1980s, which among other things wanted to blow up the Dome of the Rock, the Muslim shrine on the Temple Mount.

In the figure of Ben-Dov – a formerly secular Lehi man who became an original radical, religious-Zionist thinker – the torch passes from messianic seculars to the religiously observant. It was Ben-Dov, who became religious himself, who ordered Yehuda Etzion, a member of the Jewish underground, to attack the third-holiest site in Islam, in order to force God to bring redemption. “If you want to do something that will solve all the problems of the People of Israel,” he told him, “do this!” And Etzion duly set about planning the deed.

This apocalyptic underground messianism differs from the messianism of Gush Emunim (“Bloc of the Faithful,” the progenitors of the settler movement), as conceived by Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook (1865-1935), the first Ashkenazi chief rabbi of British Mandatory Palestine and the founder of Mercaz Harav Kook Yeshiva in Jerusalem.

Gush Emunim, loyal to the teaching of Rabbi Kook and of his son, Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook, developed a mamlakhti (“state-conscious”) approach, according to which, even though its activists alone understand the political reality and its reflection in the upper worlds, it is not for them to impose on the nation of Israel measures that the nation does not want. As settler-activist Ze’ev Hever put it, after the underground was exposed, “We are allowed to pull the nation of Israel after us as long as we are only two steps ahead of it… no more than that.”

Accordingly, the settlement project in Judea and Samaria is considered pioneering but not revolutionary. And, indeed, we should remember that the settlement enterprise had the support of large sections of the Labor movement, as well as of such iconic cultural figures as the poet Natan Alterman and the composer-songwriter Naomi Shemer. This was not the case with Temple matters, which are far more remote from the heart of the people that dwells in Zion. In addition, Kook-style messianism shunned the Temple Mount for halakhic (Jewish-legal) reasons. Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook, like his father, ruled that it is forbidden to visit the mount. Here, too, Ben-Dov and Etzion followed a radically different path.

Furthermore, before 1967 – and afterward – all the leading poskim (rabbis who issue halakhic rulings), both ultra-Orthodox and from the religious-Zionist movement, decreed as one voice that it is forbidden to visit the Temple Mount, for the same halakhic reasons. This was reiterated by all the great rabbinic figures of recent generations – Rabbis Yosef Shalom Elyashiv, Ovadia Yosef, Mordechai Eliahu, Eliahu Bakshi Doron, Moshe Amar, Avraham Shapira, Zvi Tau and others.

The halakhic grounds have to do with matters of defilement and purification, but even without going into details, it should be clear that in the most fundamental sense sanctity obliges distance rather than proximity. The holy object is what’s prohibited for use, fenced-off, excluded. Reverential awe requires halting prior to, bowing from afar, not touching and not entering. “The people cannot come up to Mount Sinai, for You warned us saying, ‘Set bounds about the mountain and sanctify it,’” Moses asserts in Exodus before he – and he alone – ascends the holy mountain to receive the Torah.

Exalted totem

It is not surprising, then, that the first group advocating a change in the Temple Mount status quo did not spring from the ranks of the religious-Zionist movement. The Temple Mount Faithful, a group that has been active since the end of the 1960s, was led by Gershon Salomon, a secular individual, who was supported – how could it be otherwise? – by former members of the Irgun and Lehi. It was not until the mid-1980s that a similar organization was formed under the leadership of a religious-Zionist rabbi (the Temple Institute, founded by Rabbi Yisrael Ariel) – and it too remained solitary within the religious-Zionist movement until the 1990s.

Indeed, in January 1991, Rabbi Menachem Froman could still allay the fears of the Palestinians by informing them (in the form of an article he published in Haaretz, “To Wait in Silence for Grace”) that, “In the perception of the national-religious public [… there is] opposition to any ascent to the walls of the Temple Mount… The attitude of sanctity toward the Temple Mount is expressed not by bursting into it but by abstinence from it.”

No longer. If in the past, yearning for the Temple Mount was the preserve of a marginal, ostracized minority within the religious-Zionist public, today it has become one of the most significant voices within that movement. In a survey conducted this past May among the religious-Zionist public, 75.4 percent said they favor “the ascent of Jews to the Temple Mount,” compared to only 24.6 percent against. In addition, 19.6 percent said they had already visited the site and 35.7 percent that they had not yet gone there, but intended to visit.

The growing number of visits to the mount by the religious-Zionist public signifies not only a turning away from the state-oriented approach of Rabbi Kook, but also active rebellion against the tradition of the halakha. We are witnessing a tremendous transformation among sections of this public: Before our eyes they are becoming post-Kook-ist and post-Orthodox. Ethnic nationalism is supplanting not only mamlakhtiyut (state consciousness) but faithfulness to the halakha. Their identity is now based more on mythic ethnocentrism than on Torah study, and the Temple Mount serves them, just as it served Yair Stern and Uri Zvi Grinberg before them, as an exalted totem embodying the essence of sovereignty over the Land of Israel.

Thus, in the survey, the group identifying with “classic religious Zionism” was asked, “What are the reasons on which to base oneself when it comes to Jews going up to the Temple Mount?” Fully 96.8 percent replied that visiting the site would constitute “a contribution to strengthening Israeli sovereignty in the holy place.” Only 54.4 percent averred that a visit should be made in order to carry out “a positive commandment [mitzvat aseh] and prayer at the site.” Patently, for the religious Zionists who took part in the survey, the national rationale was far more important than the halakhic grounds – and who better than Naftali Bennett, the leader of Habayit Hayehudi party, serves as a salient model for the shift of the center of gravity of the religious-Zionist movement from halakha to nationalism?

How did the religious-Zionist public undergo such a radical transformation in its character? A hint is discernible at the point when the first significant halakhic ruling was issued allowing visits to the Temple Mount. This occurred at the beginning of 1996, when the Yesha (Judea, Samaria, Gaza) Rabbinical Council published an official letter containing a ruling that visiting the Temple Mount was permissible, accompanied by a call to every rabbi “to go up [to the site] himself and guide his congregation on how to make the ascent according to all the restrictions of the halakha.”

Motti Inbari, in his book “Jewish Fundamentalism and the Temple Mount” (SUNY Press, 2009), draws a connection between the weakening of the Gush Emunim messianic paradigm, which was profoundly challenged by the Oslo process between Israel and the Palestinians, and the surge of interest in the mount. According to a widely accepted research model, disappointment stemming from difficulties on the road toward the realization of the messianic vision leads not to disillusionment but to radicalization of belief, within the framework of which an attempt is made to foist the redemptive thrust on recalcitrant reality.

However, the final, crushing blow to the Kook-based messianic approach was probably delivered by the Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, in 2005, and the destruction of the Gush Katif settlements there. The Gush Emunin narrative, which talks about unbroken redemption and the impossibility of retreat, encountered an existential crisis, as did the perception of the secular state as “the Messiah’s donkey,” a reference to the parable about the manner in which the Messiah will make his appearance, meaning that full progress toward redemption can be made on the state’s secular, material back.

In a symposium held about a year ago by Ir Amim, an NGO that focuses on Jerusalem within the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Haviva Pedaya, from the Jewish history department of Ben-Gurion University in Be’er Sheva, referred to the increasing occupation with the Temple Mount by the religious-Zionist movement after the Gaza pull-out.

“For those who endured it, the disengagement was a type of sundering from the substantial, from some sort of point of connection,” she said. “For the expelled, it was a breaking point that created a rift between the illusion that the substantial – the land – would be compatible with the symbolic – the state, redemption.” With that connection shattered, Pedaya explains, messianic hope is shifted to an alternative symbolic focal point. The Temple Mount replaces settlement on the soil of the Land of Israel as the key to redemption.

Many religious Zionists are thus turning toward the mount in place of the belief in step-by-step progress and in place of the conception of the sanctity of the state. The Temple Mount advocates are already now positing the final goal, and by visiting the site and praying there they are deviating from both the halakhic tradition and from Israeli law. State consciousness is abandoned, along with the patience needed for graduated progress toward redemption. In their place come partisan messianism and irreverent efforts to hasten the messianic era – for apocalypse now.

And they are not alone. Just as was the case in the pre-state period, secular Jews are again joining, and in some cases leading, the movement toward the Temple Mount. Almost half of Likud’s MKs, some of them secular, are active in promoting Jewish visits there. MK Miri Regev, who chairs the Knesset’s Interior and Environment Committee, has already convened 15 meetings of the committee to deliberate on the subject. According to MK Gila Gamliel, “The Temple is the ID card of the people of Israel,” while MK Yariv Levin likens the site to the “heart” of the nation. Manifestly, the division is not between “secular” and “religious,” and the question was never about observing or not observing commandments. The question is an attempt to realize the myth in reality.

Assuaging Ben-Gurion’s concerns, Israel remained without the Temple Mount at the end of the War of Independence in 1948. Not until the capture of East Jerusalem in 1967 did it become feasible to implement the call of Avraham Stern, and the ancient myth began to sprout within the collective unconscious. After almost 50 years of gestation, Israel is today closer than it has ever been to attempting to renew in practice its mythic past, to bring about by force what many see as redemption. Even if we ignore the fact that the top of the Temple Mount is, simply, currently not available – it must be clear that moving toward a new Temple means the end of both Judaism and Zionism as we know them.

The question, then, to paraphrase Gershom Scholem’s remark, with which we began, is whether Zionism will be able to withstand the impulse to realize itself conclusively and become history.

(This is the first of two parts on the subject of the Temple Mount. Part II will appear next week.)

Dr. Tomer Persico teaches in the contemporary religions program at Tel Aviv University, and at the Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies, in Jerusalem.

Segun tomado de, http://www.haaretz.com/news/features/.premium-1.626327 el viernes, 14 de nov. de 2014.

 
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Posted by on November 14, 2014 in Uncategorized

 

Why Jerusalem Really Matters to the Palestinians

Why Jerusalem Really Matters to the Palestinians

NOVEMBER 14, 2014 1:20 AM

Rami G. Khouri is about as moderate a Palestinian commentator as you can find. He is Christian, recognizes that the Temple Mount is holy to Jews, and is willing to blame Arabs for their mistakes.

Even so, he justifies the recent spike in Arab terror:

The absence of PA forces under the control of President Mahmoud Abbas also means that those forces cannot quell Palestinian demonstrations against Israel, as happens in all other parts of the West Bank, where PA forces more often than not act to defend Israel as much as to keep peace among Palestinians, unfortunately. Arab Jerusalemites are essentially ungoverned and unrepresented politically, because they do not fall under Palestinian authority and they are underserved by an Israeli state that also keeps building new settlements on lands surrounding the holy city. Because of this condition of living in a political vacuum, Palestinians in Jerusalem have only themselves to rely on to defend their lands and rights, and in cases of extreme threats and violence used against them, they resort to violence such as we are witnessing these days.

Then he says something interesting:

The intense symbolism of Jerusalem for Palestinians includes two dimensions: the holy sites of the Noble Sanctuary, especially the Dome of the Rock and Al Aqsa Mosque, but also the city as the capital of Palestine, even though a Palestinian state does not exist yet. If Jerusalem is allowed to fall to Zionist colonialism and become fully Judaized, the entire Palestinian national cause would have been dealt a fatal blow. Jerusalem has always been a central battle in the Arab war with Zionism — but for many Palestinians it is now also the last battle.

The PLO covenants of 1964 and 1968 did not mention Jerusalem once. The Palestinian National Charter of 1968 likewise does not mention Jerusalem a single time. (Fatah’s charter does mention Jerusalem once.)

If Jerusalem has always been so central to Palestinian Arab nationalism, then why was it ignored for so long?

The interest that Arabs altogether, and Palestinians in particular, have shown in Jerusalem has been proportional to the interest that Jews have to assert their national and religious rights in their ancient capital. Between 1948 and 1967, Jerusalem was an unimportant Jordanian city, and there were no mass pilgrimages there. Only when Jews started to say that Jerusalem was theirs, and always has been, have the Arabs decided that it is supremely important for them too.

And this spills over even into the writings of a “moderate.”

The fact is that if Palestinian nationalism cannot survive without Jerusalem, then it is an artificial construct to begin with. The nearly exclusive  use of the Dome of the Rock as the constant backdrop for Palestinian press conferences is a relatively recent phenomenon.

They don’t want Jerusalem – they want to ensure that Jews do not have Jerusalem. Because they know that Israel without Jerusalem is just a secular state, and they can deal with a secular state, because such states come and go. They cannot deal with a proud Jewish state that asserts rights that go back to before Islam existed.

Khouri has subconsciously revealed the shallowness of the Palestinian national cause. If it was about rights, or refugees, or land, or even “justice,” then they could have a state. But it isn’t about any of those. It is about the symbolism of controlling Jerusalem. And the only reason that this is so important is because of the Arab honor/shame society that cannot stomach the weak, dhimmi Jews asserting rights on land that everyone knows they have been tied to for thousands of years. The minute they give up on Jerusalem, they give up on the goal of expelling Jews from political power in the Middle East.

Segun tomado de, http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/11/14/why-jerusalem-really-matters-to-the-palestinians/ el viernes, 14 de nov. de 2014.

 
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Posted by on November 14, 2014 in Uncategorized

 

El problema judío de Amnistía Internacional

El problema judío de Amnistía Internacional

El problema judío de Amnistía Internacional

La que alguna vez fuera una loable organización, se encuentra actualmente obsesionada con demonizar al estado judío.

por r

El miércoles 5 de noviembre del 2014, Amnistía Internacional publicó su más reciente ataque en contra de Israel: un tendencioso reporte que acusa al estado judío de crímenes de guerra en el conflicto con Gaza acontecido a mediados de año. El reporte, el cual no menciona ni siquiera una vez la palabra “terror” en referencia a Hamás y omite los túneles terroristas que ellos construyeron para infiltrarse en Israel a realizar ataques, vino acompañado ese mismo día de untweet por parte de un alto funcionario de Amnistía Internacional en el que decía que el estado judío era equivalente a ISIS, grupo que ha decapitado a un sinnúmero de musulmanes y periodistas extranjeros a lo largo de Siria e Irak.

Un alto funcionario de Amnistía Internacional dijo que el estado judío era equivalente a ISIS.

Este reporte es una muestra típica del estilo altamente crítico que Amnistía Internacional utiliza para referirse a Israel. Y si bien Israel respondió que Amnistía Internacional “sirve de herramienta propagandística para Hamás y otros grupos terroristas”, debemos preguntarnos cómo es posible que una valiosa organización como esta haya caído tan bajo y se haya obsesionado de tal manera con demonizar al estado judío.

Recuerdo cuando era pequeña que en nuestra clase de la escuela le enviábamos cartas a la URSS protestando por el encarcelamiento de judíos soviéticos que querían emigrar a Israel. Nos apoyábamos en la información y los nombres de los “presos de conciencia” judíos que proveía Amnistía Internacional. El mismo término “presos de conciencia” fue acuñado por Amnistía Internacional y reflejaba la profunda injusticia a la que se veían sometidos los refuseniks, judíos soviéticos cuyas peticiones de trasladarse a Israel habían sido rechazadas. En aquellos oscuros días de represión soviética, fue Amnistía Internacional la que detalló las horrendas condiciones bajo las cuales eran encarcelados los prisioneros y la que se aseguró de divulgar sus nombres en el mundo entero. Muchos refuseniks, como Ida Nudel o Natan Sharansky, quienes lideran actualmente la Agencia Judía de Israel, fueron identificados primero por investigadores de Amnistía Internacional.

Amnistía Internacional comenzó con un grito de protesta: un vigoroso artículo escrito en 1961 por el abogado inglés Peter Benenson que se titulaba “Los prisioneros olvidados”, el cual hablaba de los muchos prisioneros políticos que languidecían en cárceles alrededor del mundo. Benenson había leído recientemente sobre dos estudiantes de Portugal —que en ese entonces era una dictadura fascista— que habían sido sentenciados a siete años de prisión por elevar sus copas y brindar por la libertad, y quería hacer algo al respecto.

“Hemos establecido una oficina en Londres para recolectar información sobre los nombres, números y condiciones de lo que hemos decidido llamar ‘presos de conciencia’”, anunció Benenson, “y los definimos como: ‘cualquier persona a la que se le impide físicamente (a través de encarcelamiento u otro medio) expresar… cualquier opinión que mantiene honestamente y que no aboga ni justifica la violencia personal’”. Las donaciones no tardaron en llegar y Amnistía Internacional, como se llamó la nueva agrupación, comenzó a recolectar y publicitar información sobre prisioneros políticos.

Pero los años pasaron y el foco de Amnistía Internacional se volvió no sólo exponer a los presos de conciencia, sino también abogar por determinadas políticas. A medida que sus ambiciones se fueron expandiendo, Israel se fue transformando cada vez más en el foco de las condenas de Amnistía Internacional. El reciente reporte, el cual acusa de forma escandalosamente tendenciosa a Israel de haber cometido crímenes de guerra en su conflicto con Gaza, es la culminación de una década de demonización del estado judío.

Las actividades de Amnistía Internacional comenzaron a cambiar en el año 2002, en la infame Conferencia mundial en contra del racismo que fuera organizada por la ONU en Durban, Sudáfrica. Varios funcionarios de Amnistía Internacional participaron en dicha conferencia y se dedicaron a atacar al estado judío; distribuyeron material que detallaba ejemplos de racismo y abusos de los derechos humanos a lo largo del mundo, pero en el cual sólo mencionaban a un país por su nombre: Israel. Irene Kahn, la Secretaria General de Amnistía Internacional, admitió posteriormente que su organización debería haber nombrado también a otros países, pero el daño ya estaba hecho: la conferencia de Durban, apoyada por organizaciones no gubernamentales como Amnistía Internacional, produjo un reporte altamente tendencioso en contra de Israel que aún sigue teniendo influencia en las discusiones políticas. Al prestarle su prestigio al festín del odio de Durban, Amnistía Internacional ayudó a señalar al estado judío como el único mal existente, el cual no tiene paralelo alguno en la humanidad.

Crímenes de guerra

Las críticas de Amnistía Internacional hacia Israel han aumentado luego de Durban; una poderosa estrategia ha sido acusar a Israel de crímenes de guerra.

El 2006 fue un punto de inflexión. Ese año, luego de que Israel peleara una guerra de cuatro semanas contra el grupo terrorista Hezbolá en el Líbano, Amnistía Internacional acusó formalmente a Israel de haber cometido crímenes de guerra por haber atacado infraestructura civil en el Líbano durante el conflicto. A pesar que durante la duración del conflicto Hezbolá disparó 3.900 misiles en contra de pueblos y ciudades israelíes, matando a 44 civiles e hiriendo a 1.400, Amnistía Internacional se rehusó a condenar a Hezbolá. Incluso cuando Hezbolá utilizó cínicamente escudos humanos en el Líbano (lo cual es una violación a la ley internacional) al esconder a sus guerrilleros en medio de centros de población civil, las críticas de Amnistía Internacional se mantuvieron para un solo lado, dirigidas en contra del estado judío.

Prominentes eruditos legales de la época criticaron el descuidado uso de los términos por parte de Amnistía Internacional. Acusándola de estar en una “carrera hacia el abismo” en sus críticas a Israel, el profesor de leyes de la universidad de Harvard, Alan Dershowitz, llamó a la definición de crímenes de guerra de Amnistía Internacional “idiosincrásica” y afirmó que no reflejaba la ley internacional. El principal criterio de Amnistía Internacional para llamar a algo un crimen de guerra pareciera ser cualquier cosa que haga Israel. David Bernstein, un profesor de leyes de la universidad George Manson, observó que las críticas de Amnistía Internacional sobre el uso de la fuerza por parte de Israel “no tienen nada que ver con derechos humanos o crímenes de guerra, y tienen mucho que ver con una actitud pacifista que busca transformar a cualquier guerra, sin importar sus justificaciones o las restricciones que se tomen en ella… en uncrimen de guerra”.

Después de que Israel respondiera a los ataques con morteros en contra de civiles israelíes en el año 2009, Amnistía Internacional emitió un reporte que acusaba a Israel de crímenes de guerra: el reporte de 127 páginas minimizaba las violaciones que hizo Hamás de la ley internacional e ignoró los testimonios que afirmaban que Hamás había utilizado escudos humanos.

Ese año, Amnistía Internacional envió sus documentos internos a la Corte Criminal Internacional, para que estos fueran utilizados en caso de que dicha institución decidiera levantar cargos en contra del estado judío. Amnistía Internacional comenzó también a hacer un llamado para que hubiese un embargo de armas en contra de Israel, llamando a Israel un “gran violador de los derechos humanos”.

Intensificación ‘anti israelí’

A pesar de defender su imparcialidad, la obsesión anti israelí de Amnistía Internacional se ha intensificado con el paso del tiempo. El director de la sede de Amnistía Internacional de Finlandia llamó a Israel un “estado parásito” en su blog en agosto del 2010. Amnistía Internacional Australia ha tenido que disculparse en reiteradas ocasiones por publicaciones antisemitas (algunas de ellas alabando a Hitler, llamando a los judíos un cáncer y haciendo un llamado a la muerte de los judíos) que han aparecido en su página de Facebook. En el 2013, Amnistía Internacional galardonó con el premio Embajador de la Conciencia a Roger Waters, el músico de Pink Floyd que ha llamado incansablemente a boicotear al estado judío y quien presenta un cerdo inflable gigante con una estrella de David en sus espectáculos.

Cuando en el año 2010 le preguntaron al director de campaña de Amnistía Internacional, Krystian Benedict, si apoyaría un evento que buscara atraer atención al caso del soldado israelí que había sido secuestrado, Gilad Shalit, él respondió que lo haría “sólo si mil prisioneros palestinos” eran incluidos también. Más adelante, el Sr. Benedict le dijo a un periodista que “ahora Israel está incluido en la lista de regímenes estúpidos dictatoriales que abusan de los derechos humanos básicos de la gente, junto con Birmania, Corea del Norte, Irán y Sudán. Su gobierno tiene la misma actitud sin sentido hacia los seres humanos”. El Sr. Benedict fue suspendido temporalmente de Amnistía Internacional por publicar en Twitter una broma sobre los miembros judíos del parlamente británico, pero rápidamente fue devuelto a sus funciones. El miércoles 5 de noviembre del 2014, luego de las objeciones por parte de Israel ante el reciente reporte tendencioso de Amnistía Internacional, el Sr. Benedict publicó en Twitter que Israel es equivalente al violento grupo terrorista ISIS.

Esta obsesión con Israel y con los judíos —y simpatía con quienes quieren dañarlos— se ve reflejada en las elecciones de personal de Amnistía Internacional. Uno de sus investigadores sobre el Medio Oriente, Saleh Hijazi, fue previamente el contacto de una organización política llamada “Otra voz”, cuyo lema era “¡Resiste! ¡Boicotea! ¡Somos una Intifada!”. La investigadora británica de Amnistía Internacional, Deborah Hyams, se ofreció de voluntaria para servir de “escudo humano” cerca de Belén, para de esta forma prevenir las respuestas militares por parte de Israel ante los disparos y misiles que fueran dirigidos a los civiles de las cercanías de Jerusalem. La investigadora estadounidense de Amnistía Internacional que reside en Israel, Edith Garwood, solía ser miembro del movimiento anti israelí Movimiento internacional de la solidaridad. Rasha Abdul-Rahim, un cuarto miembro de la unidad de investigación de Amnistía Internacional, se describe a sí misma en Twitter como una “furibunda activista palestina”.

En el 2010, Gita Saghal, la entonces jefa de la Unidad de Género de Amnistía Internacional, fue despedida luego de criticar las cercanas conexiones que Amnistía Internacional tenía con Cageprisioners, un grupo extremista musulmán basado en Inglaterra cuyo líder defiende la Jihad violenta y a los Talibanes; Saghal acusó a Amnistía Internacional de estar en una “bancarrota ideológica” y dijo que en el interior de la organización reinaba una “atmósfera de terror” en la que los empleados no podían cuestionar las visiones ideológicas de los líderes.

El último reporte de Amnistía Internacional —y sus ofensivas bromas y tweetssobre el estado judío— revelan una insana obsesión y odio por Israel. Es hora que el mundo despierte y se dé cuenta de que la que alguna vez fue una aclamada organización ya no tiene moral e ignora sus propios dictámenes.

Segun tomado de, http://www.aishlatino.com/iymj/mo/El-problema-judio-de-Amnistia-Internacional.html

 
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Posted by on November 14, 2014 in Uncategorized

 

A New World Order? The Extraordinary Within the Ordinary

A New World Order? The Extraordinary Within the Ordinary

NOVEMBER 7, 2014 11:22 AM 1 COMMENT

Author:

avatarSimon Jacobson

Scene of Jerusalem ramming terror attack. Photo: Twitter

New attacks in Jerusalem. Nuclear Iran. Middle East ablaze. Volatility the new constant. Europe transitioning into a Muslim continent. America’s future: unknown. China rising. The end of Capitalism? A clash of civilizations (Islam and the West) brewing. A growing dissonance between accelerating technology and communications on one end, and decelerating personal relationships and intimacy on the other.

This is the climate of our times; these are the events that are beginning to define our emerging young (21st) century. Are they precursors of things to come? Will they shape the future?

You can almost feel a new world order in the making. Can we draw parallels between 2014 and 1914?

How will the world change as new media replaces old media? As technology infiltrate every aspect of our lives? Will AI (Artificial Intelligence) supplant our minds? How will it impact on our dreams and imaginations? Will a machine replace a mother? And what will do with all the extra time?

We can all use some respite from these upheavals. But not just respite. How about climbing the mountain to see the birds’ eye view of the horizon? How refreshing would it be to able t transcend the events on the ground and gain a 30,000 (or higher) foot perspective of life?

An additional benefit of seeing the big picture is that it turns you into a shaper instead of a victim of circumstances. A leader instead of a follower. Proactive instead of reactive. Instead of the new world order shaping us, we can shape it.

This is one of the great benefits in “living with the times” — reading the weekly Torah portion which we read during this time. If you want to be informed about events on the ground level (albeit, perhaps a distorted one, see last weeks article) open up a New York Times or another media outlet. And…agonize. But if you want to discover the deeper meaning of these events, and come away with a forward thinking plan, read the parsha. And… rejoice.

Let us read together.

* * *

Watch a beautiful sunset. Listen to a stirring symphony. Smell a delicate fragrance. Taste a delectable wine. Touch the soft cheek of a child. Those are our five senses at work – taking in and experiencing the aesthetics of our universe. But what else enters through our sensory doors? How stimulated – overstimulated – are we by the multitude of sights, sounds, smells, tastes and touches inundating our daily interactions? And what impact does it have on us? Are we products, perhaps even victims, of the forces seducing our senses? Take television: Does anyone know the far-reaching effects that visual stimulation has on our psyches? How much is it desensitizing us to “see,” “hear” and experience the more sublime aspects of our lives – the invisible and ethereal?

So when we observe the world around us, the people, events and experiences of our lives, what should we be looking for? When we are seeking a loving relationship – or standing before a person we love – how do we assure that we are looking at the important things that matter, and not at superficial externals? And how do we attain such perspective when we are swamped with the endless flow of information assaulting our senses, numbing and distorting our priorities?

This week’s Torah portion contains a fascinating answer to these questions.

The chapter opens with the words “And G-d appeared to Abraham.” What did Abraham see? What does it mean to “see” the Divine?

When we look at any particular object what do we see? First we see the physical features of the object – its shape, color, size and position. We may also notice its functions and the benefits they serve. With more focus, we can discern subtle elements and other aspects that may not have been ostensibly noticeable. Upon further study we develop a “deeper look” at the object and learn its unique composition of elements and molecules, and its biological and chemical makeup. Further down and in we discover its atomic structure, which in turn is comprised of sub-atomic particles. How far down the “rabbit hole” can we go?

Left to our own mortal resources we can only go that far. But with help from an unexpected place we can actually come to perceive – to see – the essence of the object, and even beyond that.

When the Kotzker Rebbe was a young child he was once asked: “Where is G-d?” To which he replied: “Wherever you let Him in?”

To see the Divine is to see the Essence of all reality, and to recognize that this Essence is beyond all reality. “He is the space of the universe, but the universe is not His space.” In some ways it means to see the forest from the trees; the roots from the symptoms; the causes from the effects.

Abraham did two critical things to reach a point that he was able to see the Divine, to the point that “G-d appeared to him.” Firstly, he left his comfort zones (see The Greatest Journey Ever Taken) and embarked on a lifelong journey away from his subjective inclinations toward transcendence. Secondly, Abraham dedicated his life – and passed on his legacy to his children and generations to come – to focus not on the means, but on the end: To look beyond the seductive distractions of surface life and see what lies within; to search for the essence of things, rather than react to their symptoms. To seek out the purpose of existence and turn that purpose into the driving force of our decisions, rather than allow our existential needs and concerns to determine the course of our lives. Notwithstanding the conventions of the time, not conforming to the pressures around him, not enticed by the sights and sound of the universe, Abraham looked beyond and within them for a higher presence. This higher awareness then translates into action – to living a life of virtue, righteousness and justice.

Once Abraham demonstrated his commitment, once he “paid the price” and did his part piercing through the outer layers and peering deep inside for the deeper reality, then the Higher and Inner Reality reciprocates, “and G-d appeared to him,” revealing the essential forces that shape all of existence, far beyond those that Abraham could ever discover on his own accord.

The great 13th century sage, Ramban (Rabbi Moshe ben Nachman), also known as Nachmanides, states a critical axiom – one that would change the landscape of Jewish education were it only emphasized in our schools:

Know this fundamental principle: All the journeys and events that happened with the Patriarchs [Abraham, Isaac and Jacob] come to teach us about the future…they were shown what would happen to their descendants. For this reason the Torah documents in detail the experiences that transpired with the Patriarchs. No one should think that these are superfluous details; they actually pave the way and map out all the future events that would transpire with their children throughout history. There is nothing that happened to Abraham that would later not occur with his children (Ramban, Lech Lecho 12:6).

How do we apply this principle to the opening of this week’s Torah portion: “And G-d appeared to him,” to Abraham?

Indeed, a well known story suggests that Abraham’s Divine revelation was unique to him alone. When the Rebbe Rashab was a young boy, he went to his grandfather, the Tzemach Tzedek, to receive a blessing in connection with his birthday (Cheshvan 20). When he entered his grandfather’s room, he began to cry. His grandfather asked him why he was crying and he explained that in cheder (school), he had learned that G-d had revealed Himself to Abraham and he was upset, why G-d did not reveal Himself to him. The Tzemach Tzedek replied: “When a righteous Jew at the age of 99 decides to circumcise himself, he is worthy that G-d reveal Himself to him.” The Rebbe Rashab was satisfied with this answer, and stopped crying.

And yet, the Rebbe Rashab did cry, and according to Nachmanides,there is nothing that happened to Abraham that would later not occur with his children, Abraham’s Divine revelation in some way can and will happen to his children.

Abraham paved the way for us to have a similar experience: To see the inner forces that shape our outer realities.

But in order to see your life in this special way, you too have to commit to the same two things that Abraham committed to: One, you must travel away from your own subjective trappings and remove the immediate pressures that block you from seeing what lies within. This includes controlling the flow of images, sounds, tastes, touches and smells, which enter your being and clutter your life. Two, you need to focus on the inner forces and the purpose of it all, ensuring that the means that lead you there are not confused with the end goal. Too often we get so consumed with the tools – earning a living, shopping, preparing – that we are left with no time, energy and space for the purpose of all these tools. Sometimes we may even forget that there is a purpose, like embarking on a journey and then forgetting the destination.

This commitment to the higher goal, as opposed to the means, in turn manifests in a life driven by virtue and selflessness, rather than instant gratification and immediate needs.

Once you demonstrate your commitment to this approach, new doors will open up from within. And then – and only then – will you begin to see the extraordinary in the ordinary. Every detail of your life begins to burst with enormous energy. You learn to savor every sight, every sound, every taste, every touch, every smell.

You can look at a wild flower and see a flower, or you can see, as Blake put it, Heaven. You can listen to a bird sing and hear a song, or hear the music of angels. You can gently caress the finger of your beloved and touch a finger, or you can touch eternity.

A new perspective emerges in your life, teaching you how to bridge the visible and the invisible, the sensory and the supra-sensory – how to use your senses to reach beyond your senses and experience new dimensions.

And above all, your new vision allows you to release fresh energy from every experience you encounter: In a life driven by self-interest every situation is numbed and deadened by “what’s in it for me?” In stark contrast, a life driven by seeing the Divine opens your eyes, ears, taste, touch and smell to experience yourself and others in unprecedented ways. You learn to see new things, and see old things in new ways.

Every situation then becomes an opportunity to generate innovative power to help others and improve the world – directing every detail of your life toward the sublime, revealing the Divine purpose in everything, fulfilling the very objective of existence.

* * *

Now let us apply this principle to the events of our times.

Segun tomado de, http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/11/07/a-new-world-order-the-extraordinary-within-the-ordinary/ el lunes, 10 de nov. de 2014.

 
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Posted by on November 10, 2014 in Uncategorized

 

Dershowitz: Amnesty International Has Become an Apologist for Terrorism and Enemy of Democracy

Dershowitz: Amnesty International Has Become an Apologist for Terrorism and Enemy of Democracy

NOVEMBER 10, 2014 12:40 PM 3 COMMENTS

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avatarAlan Dershowitz

Last month the Columbia chapter of Amnesty International invited me to deliver a talk on human rights in the Middle East. I accepted the invitation, anxious to present a balanced view on human rights, focusing on the Israeli-Arab-Palestinian issue. As a supporter of the two state solution and an opponent of many of Israel’s settlement decisions, I regard myself as a moderate on these issues. That was apparently too much for the national office of Amnesty International to tolerate. They demanded that the Columbia chapter of Amnesty International disinvite me.  They did not want their members to hear my perspective on human rights.

The excuse they provided were two old and out of context quotes suggesting that I favored torture and collective punishment. The truth is that I am adamantly opposed to both. I have written nuanced academic articles on the subject of torture warrants as a way of minimizing the evils of torture, and I have written vehemently against the use of collective punishment of innocent people—whether it be by means of the boycott movement against all Israelis or the use of collective punishment against Palestinians. I do favor holding those who facilitate terrorism responsible for their own actions.

The real reasons Amnesty International tried to censor my speech to its members is that I am a Zionist who supports Israel’s right to exist as the nation-state of the Jewish people. As such, I have been somewhat critical of Amnesty International’s one-sided approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. For example, I wrote an article criticizing Amnesty International’s report on honor killings in the West Bank. An honor killing occurs when a woman has been raped and her family then kills her because of the shame her victimization has brought. Despite massive evidence to the contrary, Amnesty International mendaciously claimed that honor killings had increased in the West Bank since the Israeli occupation and that the fault for this increase in Arab men killing Arab women, lies with Israel. The reality is that there are far fewer honor killings in the West Bank than there are in adjoining Jordan, which is not under Israeli occupation, and that the number of honor killings in the West Bank has been reduced dramatically during the Israeli occupation. But facts mean little to Amnesty International when Israel is involved.

The national office of Amnesty International did not want their members to hear my criticisms of their organization, despite the fact that I was a strong supporter in its early days, before it became so one sided and anti-Israel. They were afraid to have their members hear the truth. They feared an open marketplace of ideas, so they tried to shut me down.

Fortunately another Columbia student group immediately invited me to give my talk, and some members of Columbia Amnesty, to their credit, came to listen. They asked me hard questions, which I tried to answer with fact and logic. Some agreed with me, while others disagreed. That is the nature of open dialogue that Amnesty International claims to champion—except when it comes to their own organization, in which case it tries to censor speech critical of its policies.

In general, Amnesty International —especially its European branch located in London—has abandoned its commitment to human rights in preference for an overtly political and ideological agenda. Its position on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has become particularly troubling. In addition to providing an abuse excuse to Palestinian honor killers in the West Bank, it has demonized Israel for its attempts to protect its citizens from Hamas war crimes. In a recent report it condemns Israel for its military actions in Gaza without even mentioning the Hamas terror tunnels that provoked Israel’s defensive actions. These tunnels—I was in one of them just before the war—were built for one purpose and one purpose only: to kill and kidnap Israeli citizens. The tunnel I was in exited right near an Israeli kindergarten with more than 50 children.  The sole purpose of the tunnel was to send Hamas death squads into Israel to kill and kidnap as many of these children as possible.

No country in the world would tolerate the existence of such tunnels, and international law permits defensive actions to shut them down. Yet Amnesty International never mentions the tunnels and makes it seem that Israel sent troops into Gaza simply to kill as many Palestinians as possible.

Amnesty International has become an apologist for terrorism and an enemy of democracy. Its failed effort to stifle my free speech and the rights of Columbia students to listen to me is symbolic of what a once great organization has become: a cheerleader for human wrongs rather than human rights.

Según tomado de, http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/11/10/dershowitz-amnesty-international-has-become-an-apologist-for-terrorism-and-enemy-of-democracy/ el lunes, 10 de nov. de 2014.

 
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Posted by on November 10, 2014 in Uncategorized

 

El Cielo Puede Esperar

El cielo puede esperar

Si los judíos creen en una vida feliz después de la muerte, ¿por qué la muerte causa tanto dolor inconsolable?

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En una guerra con el Líbano hace algunos años, 118 soldados israelíes y 52 civiles israelíes fueron asesinados. Cada una de estas muertes fue vivenciada por los judíos de Israel como una gran tragedia. Cada periódico israelí y canal de televisión mostraron fotografías de cada uno de los caídos, con una corta o larga descripción de la vida del fallecido, sus intereses, sus pasatiempos, y afirmaciones recientes a amigos y parientes. Cada funeral o shivá (casa de luto) fue televisada, mostrando a la sollozante madre, el desconsolado padre, la diezmada viuda, la privada hermana o hermano. La televisión no mostró a sus propios llorosos televidentes.

Estas muertes no fueron solamente tragedias personales, sino también calamidades colectivas.

Estas muertes no fueron solamente tragedias personales, sino también calamidades colectivas. Israel puede ser el único país en el mundo en el cual la radio reporta una víctima militar o civil y además anuncia la hora y el lugar del funeral, sabiendo que muchos radioyentes, sin conocer a la persona fallecida, querrán asistir.

Michael Levine, de 21 años, un idealista judío americano, hizo Aliá y se enlistó en el ejército israelí. Con autorización para visitar a sus padres durante el verano, él estaba en Filadelfia cuando estalló la guerra. Aunque su permiso aún duraba unas cuantas semanas más, Michael regresó corriendo a Israel para contribuir con su parte.

Él fue asesinado en acción en el Líbano. Al funeral de Michael en el Cementerio Militar del Monte Hertzel asistieron muchos cientos de dolientes. Había judíos de todo el espectro religioso y político. Las únicas dos cosas que la mayoría de ellos tenían en común eran que nunca habían conocido a Michael y que lloraron abundantemente en su funeral.

Mi propio dolor frente a la muerte de Michael (yo tampoco lo conocí) me recordó una historia que leí hace muchos años. El hijo de un misionero cristiano que trabajaba en lo que en ese entonces se llamaba el Congo Belga escribió cariñosamente sobre su padre. Cuando los rebeldes congoleños se tomaron el capitolio, aprisionaron a su padre y a otros misioneros. La Madre Superiora de un convento católico local era la única persona de piel blanca que tenía permitido visitar a los misioneros encarcelados. Cada mañana las familias de los prisioneros llamaban por teléfono a la Madre Superiora para preguntar sobre el bienestar de sus esposos y padres.

Una noche, rebeldes empuñando machetes irrumpieron en la prisión y asesinaron a todos los misioneros. A la mañana siguiente, este hijo en particular, sin saber de la atrocidad, llamó a la Madre Superiora y preguntó como estaba su padre.

“Él está bien”, contestó ella. “Él está en el cielo”.

Cuando leí por primera vez esta historia, mi reacción instintiva a la respuesta de la Madre Superiora fue: Un judío nunca hubiera contestado así. ¿Pero, por qué?Me pregunté.

En ese momento yo nunca había estudiado Torá y tenía solamente una vaga noción del concepto judío de la vida después de la muerte. En la escuela judía vespertina a la que había asistido, había escuchado historias jasídicas sobre “el tribunal celestial” enviando almas al cielo o al infierno. Así que, supuse que los judíos debían creer en el cielo, pero nunca había escuchado a ningún judío mencionarlo. Yo era una niña cuando mi tío Harry falleció a la edad de cuarenta y dos años. A juzgar por el inconsolable llanto de mi familia, concluí que la muerte era el terrible final de la historia, sin ningún epílogo reconfortante.

Años más tarde, cuando leí acerca de la optimista respuesta de la Madre Superiora ante la masacre de los misioneros, me pregunté por qué los judíos reaccionan ante la muerte con una pena tan devastadora en vez de un poco de estoicismo filosófico de altos principios. ¿Acaso no creemos nosotros también en el cielo?

El cielo más alto

Ahora he estudiado suficiente judaísmo como para saber que Michael Levine está en el cielo. De acuerdo al judaísmo, el cielo es una dimensión completamente espiritual de la realidad donde las almas reciben una recompensa completamente espiritual: disfrutar del resplandor de la Presencia Divina. Los miles de “niveles” del cielo significan incluso mayor proximidad a la Luz Divina.

Michael Levine está en el cielo más alto, con los patriarcas Abraham, Isaac, y Yaakov. El Talmud relata el episodio de los “tzadikim (justos) de Lod”. Un oficial romano fue asesinado por judíos en las cercanías de la aldea de Lod. Los romanos declararon que si los asesinos no confesaban, cada judío en la aldea sería ejecutado. Dos hermanos que no tenían nada que ver con el asesinato confesaron y permitieron ser asesinados para perdonar la vida de otros judíos de Lod. El Talmud afirma que estos dos “tzadikim de Lod”, quienes anteriormente no eran nada especial en cuanto a su piedad o sabiduría, se ganaron un lugar en el Mundo Venidero junto a los patriarcas. La inferencia es que cualquier judío que muere para proteger a otros judíos similarmente califica para el lugar más alto en el cielo.

Sin embargo, estoy segura que ninguno de los dolientes que observaban cómo el ataúd de Michael cubierto con la bandera israelí era bajado a la tumba pensó, “Él está bien. Él está en el cielo”. ¿Por qué no?

Por unos cuantos centavos

En Ética de Nuestros Padres, los aforismos de los sabios de hace casi 2.000 años, se define la diferencia entre este mundo y el Mundo Venidero: “Es mejor una hora de arrepentimiento y buenas acciones en este mundo que toda la vida en el Mundo Venidero; y es mejor una hora de dicha en el Mundo Venidero que una vida entera en este mundo” [4:17]

En otras palabras, el Mundo Venidero es el lugar para recibir recompensa, y nada del placer de este mundo es remotamente comparable al éxtasis del Mundo Venidero. Por otro lado, este mundo es el lugar para escoger hacer el bien, lo cual es de alguna forma mejor que recibir incluso la más maravillosa recompensa en el Mundo Venidero.

El enfoque primordial del judío es en este mundo porque solamente aquí puede un alma escoger hacer el bien.

El Gaón de Vilna fue la lumbrera más grandiosa de Torá de los últimos siglos. En su lecho de muerte al final de una larga y santa vida, el Gaón de Vilna lloró. Cuando su familia le preguntó por qué lloraba, él contestó, “Aquí en este mundo, por unos cuantos centavos puedo comprar tzitzit [flecos rituales que los hombres judíos utilizan en prendas de cuatro puntas]”. Toda la maravilla del cielo no era suficiente para consolar al sabio por el hecho de perder la oportunidad de realizar una mitzvá.

El enfoque primordial del judío es en este mundo porque solamente aquí puede un alma escoger hacer el bien. Solamente en este mundo puede una persona optar por cumplir la voluntad Divina. Solamente en este mundo puede una persona darle a Dios el “regalo” de obedecer Su palabra. El Mundo Venidero es para recibir. Este mundo es para dar. Cuando damos, nos volvemos como Dios, el Dador Supremo. No es extraño que el judaísmo le de supremo valor a este mundo.

Si bien el cumplimiento de cada mitzvá automáticamente genera una recompensa en el Mundo Venidero, los sabios saben que el objetivo de realizar una mitzvá no es la recompensa, sino que, el valor de la mitzvá es inherente al acto de escoger hacer el bien, independiente de la recompensa. El estimado Rav Noaj Weinberg ZT’’L ilustraba este sublime concepto con una metáfora:

Digamos que estás realizando la mitzvá de honrar a tus padres sirviéndole a tu madre un vaso de agua. Un hombre presenciando tu acción te dice, “¡Que maravilloso lo que acabas de hacer! ¡Honraste a tu madre! Aquí tienes una recompensa de 100.000 dólares”.

Tú probablemente le dirías al hombre que no lo hiciste por la recompensa, pero, ya que lo está ofreciendo, aceptas gentilmente los 100.000 dólares. La próxima vez que le sirves a tu madre un vaso de agua, la escena se repite. Nuevamente, no lo hiciste por el dinero, pero no obstante aceptas la recompensa. Esta escena se repite diez veces.

La onceava vez que estás sirviéndole a tu madre un vaso de agua, de reojo vez al hombre con el dinero en la mano. ¿En que estás pensando? ¡Seguramente no en la mitzvá de honrar a tu madre! ¡Estás pensando en los 100.000 dólares!

Esto es equivalente a realizar mitzvot y buenas acciones para recibir una recompensa celestial.

Pero el Rav Weinberg describía otro escenario: Digamos que tú y tu hijo de dos años están parados al lado de una piscina, y el niño accidentalmente se cae adentro. Por supuesto, tú saltas a la piscina, incluso con tu ropa puesta, y salvas a tu hijo. Un hombre observando tu acción te dice, “¡Que maravilloso lo que acabas de hacer! Aquí tienes una recompensa de 1.000.000 de dólares”.

Tú probablemente le dirías al hombre que no lo hiciste por la recompensa, pero, ya que lo está ofreciendo, aceptas gentilmente el dinero. Poco tiempo después, se repite la escena. Nuevamente tú saltas a la piscina y salvas a tu hijo. Nuevamente el hombre te ofrece 1.000.000 de dólares, y aunque tú no lo hiciste por el dinero, no obstante aceptas la recompensa. Esta escena se repite diez veces.

La onceava vez que tu hijo se cae a la piscina, de reojo vez al hombre sosteniendo el dinero. ¿En qué estás pensando? ¡EN SALVAR A TU HIJO!

Cada mitzvá vale más que su recompensa.

Algunos actos tienen un valor tan intrínseco, obvio incluso para nuestra limitada percepción humana, que ninguna cantidad de recompensa puede distraernos del valor del acto mismo.

Los sabios saben que cada mitzvá vale más que su recompensa. “Cumplir la voluntad de Dios”, afirmaba Rav Weinberg, “es un fin en sí mismo. Nosotros los judíos no estamos buscando entrar al cielo, sino convertir esta tierra en cielo. Cada vez que morimos, fallamos”.

Es por eso que lloramos con la muerte de Michael Levine. Sí, él tuvo el mérito de ingresar al nivel más alto del cielo. Sí, él ahora está disfrutando del resplandor de la Presencia Divina. Sí, incluso si él hubiese vivido otros 60 años, él no podría haber ganado una mayor recompensa que la que obtuvo por morir para proteger las vidas de otros judíos. Pero si hubiese vivido, él podría haber (y hubiera) servido a su madre un vaso de agua. Él podría haber hecho Kidush en Shabat. Él podría haber dado caridad a los necesitados. Y estos actos, posiblemente solamente en este mundo físico, son significativos y preciosos más allá de toda recompensa.

“Es mejor una hora de arrepentimiento y buenas acciones en este mundo que toda la vida en el Mundo Venidero”. Los judíos sí creen en el cielo. Pero nuestra misión es transformar este mundo en cielo, y ese cielo de nuestras decisiones de cada minuto, de nuestra lucha de cada hora, de nuestro esfuerzo diario, es infinitamente preciado. Y la pérdida de esos días y horas y minutos en la vida de cualquier persona, es infinitamente trágico.

No me extraña que lloremos.

Segun tomado de, http://www.aishlatino.com/judaismo/ciclo-de-vida/el-mundo-venidero/El_Cielo_Puede_Esperar.html el viernes, 7 de nov. de 2014.

 
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Posted by on November 7, 2014 in Uncategorized

 

7 Things You Didn’t Know About the Western Wall

7 Things You Didn’t Know About the Kotel

7 Things You Didn’t Know About the Western Wall

(The Kotel)

7 things you didn't know about the kotel

1. The largest stone in the Kotel is 44 feet long and weighs 570 tons. In comparison, the largest stone in the Great Pyramid weighs 11 tons.

7 things you didn't know about the kotel
(The Western Wall tunnels)

2. The Western Wall is NOT the holiest place in the world for the Jewish nation.

The foundation stone, which is beneath the Dome of the Rock and where the holiest part of the temple was, is still the holiest place in the world for the Jewish nation.

7 things you didn't know about the kotel

3. The original height of the Western Wall was about 60 meters or 200 feet. Today we see in the plaza only 19 meters or about 60 feet which is only a third of it’s original height!

7 things you didn't know about the kotel

4. If you decide to walk into the Kotel, strip naked, and lay down in the men’s section muttering to yourself, you will immediately be sent to a mental hospital
(Yes. That actually happened in 2007.)

7 things you didn't know about the kotel

5. From the mid-19th century onwards, attempts to purchase rights to the wall and its immediate area were made by various Jews, but none were successful.

7 things you didn't know about the kotel

(Taken in 1891, from the book “A Month in Palestine and Syria.” )

6. After the 1948 War of Independence, the wall came under Jordanian control and Jews were barred from the site for 19 years until Israel “captured” the Old City in 1967.

7 things you didn't know about the kotel

(This famous photo from June 1967, capturing the IDF soldiers first look at the Wall was taken by David Rubinger. Read the incredible story behind this photo here.)

7. Although Jews govern Jerusalem itself, Muslims control the Temple Mount and the state of Israel has no authority over it, either secular or sacred.

7 things you didn't know about the kotel

 

Segun tomado de, http://www.virtualjerusalem.com/culture.php?Itemid=11518 el viernes, 7 de nov. de 2014.

 
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Posted by on November 7, 2014 in Uncategorized

 

Israel’s History in Pictures: Jerusalem in 1900

Israel’s History in Pictures: Jerusalem in 1900

 

jerusalem in the 1900s

Boys at the Western Wall, some almost certainly posed by the photographer, Felix Bonfils, in the 1870s.

Enlargement below is from the picture underneath. (Getty Research Institute).

jerusalem in the 1900s

Known as the Wailing Wall, the Kotel HaMaaravi, or the Jews’ Wailing Place, the prayer site was the focus of every photographer in Jerusalem.

There were no physical partitions between the men and the women visible in the pictures because of restrictions imposed by the Ottoman authorities and demands by the Muslim Mufti of Jerusalem. Any attempt to set up screens or bring chairs were met with protests and attacks. The Jewish worshippers honored a separation of sexes, for the most part.

jerusalem in the 1900s

“The Jews’ Wailing Place” (circa 1900). Take a closer look below. Credit: Keystone-Mast Collection, California Museum of Photography at UCR ARTSblock, University of California, Riverside)

The picture below, from the University of California – Riverside collection, appears to be a typical picture of the Kotel at the turn of the 20th century, but it’s not.

Enlargement of the photo shows a group of children begging with their hands outstretched to men on the left, men whose hats suggest that they are visitors from overseas.

jerusalem in the 1900s

Children with their hands extended. The Jews of Jerusalem were remarkably poor under the Turkish rule, and relied on charitable donations from Jews in Europe and North America.

More Children at the Kotel Credit: Keystone-Mast Collection, California Museum of Photography at UCR ARTSblock, University of California, Riverside)

An earlier feature here showed hundreds of Jewish children in 1918 returning to the Old City from a field trip on the Jewish holiday of Lag B’Omer.

Are some of these the same children?

jerusalem in the 1900s

Jewish children’s procession on Lag B’Omer 1918. (Library of Congress)

Según tomado de, http://virtualjerusalem.com/news.php?Itemid=11937 el viernes, 7 de nov. de 2014.

 
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Posted by on November 7, 2014 in Uncategorized

 

Hell No, We Won’t Go

Hell No, We Won’t Go

Interfaith groups notwithstanding, major religions of the world have a big problem with each other; it’s called Hell. They don’t bring it up at the meetings on religious tolerance, but the official Catholic policy is that Protestants, Muslims, and Jews go to hell. Protestants say that Catholics, Muslims and Jews go to hell.

And Muslims say that Christians and Jews go to hell. Although on an individual level we can ignore this, theologically it is a wall that separates major world religions.

Many liberal-minded religionists are uncomfortable with this perspective, but that remains today the official dogma. This presents a difficulty in religions embracing one another as valid roads to the same destination. How can I walk arm-in-arm with someone who believes I am destined to pain and suffering for eternity, whether I am a decent moral person or not?

A man and woman who were dating came to me for counseling. She believed in Jesus, he was a traditional Jew. I asked her how she could consider marrying someone she thinks will burn in everlasting damnation. She laughed nervously, “Well, I haven’t exactly worked that out yet.”

From Jewish tradition, a different viewpoint emerges starting with the fact that there doesn’t exist the concept of everlasting damnation and torture. The Almighty’s justice is not served by punishing someone forever. Justice means the punishment fits the crime. Since we are finite and our sins are finite, then our punishment or atonement must be finite. To take it one step further, the very connection with wrongdoing is an act of connecting to that which is temporary, physical, devoid of Godliness. On the other hand, when you do a mitzvah, you become one with God who is eternal. Evil and bad by definition do not exist forever; therefore the atonement period for wrongdoing is a fixed period of time.

This temporary place of atonement is called Gehenom, and lasts for 11 or 12 months after someone passes away. (Which is the reason why Kaddish is said for that time period. The recitation of Kaddish atones for the soul, which mitigates the suffering of Gehenom.) Also, the suffering is not fire and brimstone, but rather something more directly related to the transgressions. There are those who suggest the nature of this punishment is actually the embarrassment of standing before God, aware of your transgressions. What could be more painful than that?

This embarrassment wipes away the barrier you created between you and God when you committed the transgression, and therefore is a great benefit. The atonement process is not so much a punishment as it is a spiritual dry-cleaning to rid you of any blemishes you may have on your soul before you enter the next phase, oneness with God.

Phase Two is known as the World of Souls and consists of all the souls worthy of a connection with God. This experience is still somewhat lacking until the end of days when the entire creation is corrected and rectified. Until then, righteous souls exist in a minor temporary oneness with God. Even though it’s not full oneness with God, this phase is still awesomely pleasurable.

Good Seats

Getting back to judgment, Gehenom is not the same for everyone who goes there. Each individual experiences the atonement for his or her own specific transgressions. It’s a uniquely personal event.

Heaven, known as the World to Come, is also a uniquely personal experience. You only have the closeness to God that you’ve created. Every mitzvah that you do is a piece of Godliness that’s incorporated into your soul. In the next world you will realize what that closeness means for eternity. Each person will only experience the bond they have created.

Imagine a football game, there are the 50-yard-line seats, and different levels all the way up to the cheap nosebleed seats. If you’ve really blown it, you can end up in the hotdog stand forever. Therefore according to the Jews, it’s not necessary for you to be Jewish to end up in Heaven; it all depends on your relationship with God.

This World and the Nextjewish view of heaven and hell

It’s important to note that the World to Come and Gehenom are not mentioned specifically in the Five Books of Moses. It is spoken about only in the books of the Prophets, the Writings, and the Talmud. If it’s such a crucial part of Jewish philosophy, why is it absent form the Torah?

The answer is that we are not meant to dwell on the reward and punishment that awaits us in the next world. You can be a righteous person your whole life, do every single commandment, stop hunger, bring about world peace, save the ozone and cure all disease. But if you did it all for your reward in the next world, you’ve lived a selfish life, which is the opposite of being one with God.

The Almighty needs nothing. He is infinite, and therefore every one of His acts is purely altruistic. Heaven is not discussed in the Torah, in order to emphasize the necessity to do what’s right because it’s right, and not for the reward, or to avoid punishment.

The Talmud relates many incidents of people who passed away making contact with the living and telling of conversations, debates, and other bits of information from the world beyond. Similarly, many people (myself included) claim to have seen a dead relative in a dream. Even with all these “eye witness” accounts of the world beyond, we still do not have a clear picture of what its like there, nor can we, until we shuffle off this “mortal coil.”

One thing’s for sure, returning our soul to its source is the ultimate pleasure a being can experience. Death, then, is not a tragedy from a kabbalistic view. It is a realization of our purpose, its coming home. The problem with death is that it cuts off any further spiritual growth. We delay death as long as possible, but once it happens, the soul is delighted to be reunited with God. For this reason some kabbalists have asked their students to celebrate at their demise. Lag B’Omer, the anniversary of the death of the greatest known kabbalist, Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, is celebrated with great fanfare (and great bonfires) by people all over the
world.

Life is precious. We wish for long life, to do mitzvot, grow spiritually, and gain the greatest closeness we can to the Almighty in this world. But when the time comes for us to leave this world, there’s no need to fear the next step. It’s merely a step along the path to the ultimate pleasure of being one with God.

Segun tomado de, http://www.virtualjerusalem.com/judaism.php?Itemid=10957 el viernes, 7 de nov. de 2014.

 

 
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Posted by on November 7, 2014 in Uncategorized